Carbon Fixation by Phase Change In Waste Immobilization

The purpose of carrying out this project is to find the best S/S admixture and cement as a binder by testing its compressive strength and also to study the carbon emission from the treated sludge waste by running the carbon footprint analysis. This is because, the improper disposal of refinery sludge waste which contain heavy metals and other toxic material can be harmful to the environment. The scopes of this project are waste and cement matrix characterization, the laws, regulation and standards in the stabilization/solidification technology, hydraulic of cement hydration and also the study for effect of adding various admixtures into cement matrix in term of strength and leach ability. Based on the past research, the result expected is that the cement matrix with 0.45 W/C ratio, 0.60 C/Sd ratio and 15% of binder content will produced the highest Unconfined Compressive Strength (UCS) reading. Other than that, the previous research paper also stated that the function of adding admixtures as good binder in cement matrix is undeniable according to the result. As a conclusion, by proving that the heavy metal contents and toxic material can be effectively entrapped and also by proving that the carbon dioxide emission can be prevented by using the stabilisation and solidification (S/S) technology, the industry will have more reason to employ this S/S technology as their routine method to treat the sludge waste. It has been found that the best mixture for sludge fixation is 5 % metakaolin with 0.45 W/C ratio and 0.60 C/Sd ratio with 34.21 MPa strength value.