CHARACTERIZATION AND OPTIMIZATION OF CARBON-MODIFIED AND SCREEN-PRINTED ELECTRODES FOR VOLTAMMETRIC ANALYSIS OF LEAD AND CADMIUM IONS

Human activities are the maJor contributing factors for environmental imbalance
evident in today's world. These have led to reduction in availability and quality of
resources from natural cycle Environmental monitoring is necessary to understand
and observe these disturbances and to work out remedial strategies. Despite their
importance for the biological functions, lead and cadmium are potential hazards and
classified as priority pollutants. Electrochemical methods are attractive for metal
monitoring due to their capability for remote and in-situ applications. Trace heavy
metal determination can be achieved by stripping voltammetry. However, issues
pertaining to mercury toxicity have paved the way for more environmentally-friendly
carbon-based electrode development In this work, attempts were made to develop
chemically-modified carbon electrodes, glassy-carbon electrodes and screen-printed
electrodes for portable and economical heavy metal analyses.