Biochemical Oxygen Demand Removal Enhancement of Agricultural Runoff Using Treatment Train System

Agricultural runoff is a non-point source pollution that is unpredictable and difficult to control.
The pollutants in agricultural runoff come from fertilizers, sediments, pesticides, and waste
coming from croplands and live-stock operations. To measure the quality of water, guidelines
prepared by the Department of Irrigation and Drainage, Malaysia called the Urban Stormwater
Management Manual (MSMA) suggests the use of indicators, namely biochemical oxygen
demand (BOD) measurement. Best Management Practices (BMPs) and Low Impact
Development (LID) have been utilized as a method to manage agricultural runoff. Treatment
train systems are LID-BMPs arranged in a series that aims to treat and manage agricultural
runoff. This study focuses on the use of treatment train systems to reduce the concentration of
BOD in agricultural runoff. Characterization of agricultural runoff from a nearby palm oil
plantation was done which acted as a benchmark to the synthetic runoff that was prepared and
used as influent to the treatment train system.