Kinetic Study of Carbon Dioxide Clathrate Hydrate Formation in Natural Silica Sand with Presence of Surfactant

This research project is basically an experimental approach to study the kinetic of carbon dioxide clathrate hydrate formation in natural silica sand with presence of surfactant. The formation of clathrate hydrate carbon dioxide are investigates using various size of silica sand as well as various concentration of sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS). Temperature at 273.65 K (0.5 ° C) and pressure at 35 bar is selected to be operating condition for hydrate formation. First, the hydrate experiment is done without using any surfactant. After that, the hydrate experiment is continued with five different SDS concentrations which are at 100 ppm, 300 ppm, 700 ppm 1500 ppm and 3000 ppm. Out of 5 concentrations, an optimum SDS concentration can be obtained. Then the experiment is continued with the use of three different size of silica sand with the presence of optimum SDS concentration. The first silica sands with particle diameter range 600 - 1000 μm with approximate 37.94 % porosity is used in this study. The second one is silica sands with particle diameter range 425 - 600 μm with approximate porosity of 39.48 % and the last one is silica sands with particle diameter range 150 - 425 μm with approximate porosity of 41.92 %. All the data obtain from the experiment were recorded every second by data acquisition system. The concentration profile of hydrate formation in silica sand with different SDS concentration is constructed according to the first order reaction. The rate constant is calculated based on the slope of the graph.