ULTIMATE STRENGTH OF PLATES WITH OPENINGS UNDER AXIAL AND OUT-OF-PLANE LOADS

Plates are frequently employed in the shipbuilding sector. It typically serves as a plate that is strengthened and positioned between the longitudinal and transverse stiffeners. This project only focuses on the unstiffened plates due to the complexity of the stiffened panel. These plates, which are found on the ship's bottom floor, have openings. Access, pipe, maintenance, and inspection openings are offered. Since the presence of openings on the plates can weaken materials, it is necessary to ascertain the ultimate strength of unstiffened plates.