Study Into the Effect of Using Crude Palm Oil (CPO) as Cutting Fluid on the Tool Wear and Chip Formation During Milling Operations

Stronger environmental concerns and growing regulations over contamination and pollution will increase the need for renewable and biodegradable lubricants. An annual growth rate of 7–10% for environmentally favorable lubricants is expected on the US market over the next few years compared to a rate of only 2% for the overall lubricant market. Vegetable oils are a viable and renewable source of environmentally favorable oils.