Estimation of Pressure Drop and Liquid Holdup for Oil-Gas 2 Phase Flow through Vertical Tubing String

The oil and gas is a very vast industry. The production well is the crucial thing in oil and gas because it is the measurement of the profitability of the reservoir itself. It is a common thing that the production system will undergo multiphase condition due to the condition of the reservoir. Besides oil, other substance such as gas, water, sand, hydrates and waxes will be produce through the tubing string. The simultaneous flow of those substances will occur from the reservoir until the chrismas tree. It is very crucial to have a prediction tool so that optimum flow rate can be achieved with less pressure gradient and liquid holdup. Theoretically, a zero friction factor in a flowing fluid in a pipe cannot be achieved because it is only applicable to static fluid. Recovery from the wells need special challenges and requires accurate multiphase flow prediction tool for several applications, such as the design and schematic of the production systems, separation of phases in vertical wells, and multiple separation (topside, seabed or bottom-hole). As for any multiphase flow, the inlet condition such as flow rates, flow patterns, volume fractions of the fluids and the pressure need to be known. Due to that, it is crucial to have more accurate and efficient multiphase flow prediction tool.
The method that being used now separates flow pattern and flow behaviour prediction modelling. Due to that, the results that being produced was inaccurate. As an example, a multiphase flow of oil and gas are treated as both single phase, and ignoring the interactions between both of the fluids such as the slippage. However, the improved prediction tools now will allow such interaction and more accurate result can be obtained