DEVELOPMENT AND OPTIMIZATION OF MICROCRYSTALLINE CELLULOSE AND HYDROXYAPATITE MODIFIED CARBON ELECTRODE FOR VOLTAMMETRIC ANALYSIS OF PLUMBUM AND CADMIUM IONS

Development of robust and in situ detection of heavy metal ions has become an
important overall Green strategy. However, expensive cost, unavailability of elaborate
equipments, maintenance, sample pre-treatment, and huge concentrations of solutions
limit applications of some techniques such as Atomic Absoprtion spectrometry.
Chemically-modified carbon electrodes (CME) are seen as low-cost and practical
replacement method for the detection of such metals. This involves adjusting the
chemical nature on the electrode surface by adding a modifying agent. The electrode
therefore assumes the desired properties of the modifier in binding metals for
enhanced selectivity, sensitivity and overall stability. Cellulose is abundantly
available, natural, renewable, and biodegradable polymer which can be used as a
nano-reinforcing element.