Synthesis ofintegrated Bio-Refinery

There is no doubt that the major challenge that industrial processes are facing is in terms of
economic aspect. Economic aspect such as market condition or operating cost is forcing the
changes in quantities and qualities of desired products. With this, it showed the necessity for
indust1y to reassess the production technologies or to initial the new production paths which can
bring more profit for the industry. Hydrocarbon is the essential energy resource for the current
world. With the depletion hydrocarbon reserves and the increasing of the hydrocarbon prices,
industries start to shift the focus into bio-based resources to replace the dependency of the
current economy in the hydrocarbon. Besides that, the productions of the hydrocarbon-based
product have followed with several environmental issues. A lot of improvement had been
suggested and applied, bio-refinery is one of the emerging core idea. Bio-refinery is defined as a
processing facility which converts the biomass into valued product such as liquid transportation
fuels. This study covers the technologies that available in bio-refinery and the process flow
sheets for each technology. The objectives of this study are to create the available database of
biomass process technologies and come out with the most profitable process flow of the biorefmery.
The major issue that led to the less interest of the industry in bio-refinery is in terms of
its economic value. With the availability of bio-mass feedstock, bio-refinery will be the major
player in the future industry especially in terms of renewable energy. In the bio-re.finery, the
processes involved are anaerobic digestion, fermentation, gasification and pyrolysis. Different
process will have different end products and led to different profits generations. This is the main
function of the research to optimize the profit that generated from the integrated bio-refinery
using the modeling via GAMS software. From the results, it is justified that, when integration
carried for both thermochemical and biochemical processes, it will provided the average profit.
For biochemical conversion, it provided much lowest profit compared to the integration process.
In the other hand, the thermochemical conversion will result in highest profit than the average
profit generated by integration process.