Interfacial Tension Measurement near Wax Appearance Temperature

This report includes the whole summary of the study of interfacial tension (IFT) measurement near wax appearance temperature (WAT) which is the title of final year project. The scope of this study is to measure three different parameters which are wax appearance temperature (WAT), density and interfacial tension (IFT) using three different equipment which are micro differential scanning calorimeter, anton paar density meter and spinning drop tensiometer.
In the literature review, it will explain about the interfacial tension effect on the temperature and other parameters, the oil-water flow behavior, wax appearance temperature and how to determine it by the past research which is by using various methods.
Besides, the problem statement of this study is to experimentally study the IFT trending near wax appearance temperature which is related to the problem statement which is lacking of experimental data of interfacial tension measurement near wax appearance temperature.
Through the methodology, this experiment will have three experiments need to be carried out which are: determining the wax appearance temperature of three different crude oils, density of oil samples, and interfacial tension of three different crude oils near wax appearance temperature. All the equipment used for this experiments is available in UTP laboratory and do not need the outside facilities.
The results that acquired from this experiment is still reasonable and the accuracy is high enough even for wax appearance temperature experiment which just repeated two times. From the result, it is shown that, interfacial tension is directly proportional to the temperature near WAT. While the density is inversely proportional to the temperature. The IFT trending that acquired is different to each other which might be due to the different composition of the crude oils.
Recommendation that can be provided here is, to carry out the experiments with more trials, repeat it using different field or region waxy crude oil and use another equipment to carry out all three experiments. As a conclusion, IFT trending every waxy crude oil is different to each other and it tends to decrease as temperature decrease.